[How much digitization do ENT curricula need? : Opportunities and limits from the perspective of students and teachers]. / Wieviel Digitalisierung braucht die HNO-Lehre? : Chancen und Grenzen aus Sicht von Studierenden und Lehrenden.

BACKGROUND: Digitalization has long been an integral part of students' everyday lives and increasingly also of their medical training. It seems to be an unwritten law that "digital natives" want as much digitalization as possible. This study aims to shed more light on how students in the clinical phase of medical studies perceive the increasing digitalization of teaching and what they need for good education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed two surveys that were conducted using an online questionnaire. On the one hand, students in the 5th-9th semesters of the medical faculty at the University of Hamburg (n = 282) were surveyed (survey 1). Another survey addressed all employees of ENT clinics in Germany (n = 175; survey 2). RESULTS: A total of 76 students took part in survey 1 and 123 lecturers in survey 2. The results show that both students and lecturers do not want face-to-face teaching to be completely replaced by digital formats. A total of 72.7% of students reject the possibility of teaching practical skills through digital formats. The majority of students surveyed stated that offline formats improve their concentration (61.1%), participation probability (63.9%), and motivation to learn (76.6%). In contrast, 40.2% of lecturers see digitalization as a way to reduce the workload without any relevant loss in teaching quality. CONCLUSION: Digital teaching formats have a negative impact on the medical education of the students surveyed. Interaction and physical presence are needed to increase the motivation to learn. This leads to the first conclusion that students are critical of the increasing digitalization of medical studies.

Patient-targeted education (ePRO-E) to increase ePRO intent within an Alliance clinical trial (A221805-SI1).

BACKGROUND: The Patient Cloud ePRO app was adopted by the National Cancer Institute National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) to facilitate capturing electronic patient-reported (ePRO) outcome data, but use has been low. The study objectives were to test whether a patient-targeted ePRO educational resource (ePRO-E) would increase ePRO intent (number of users) and improve data quality (high quality: ≥80% of the required surveys submitted) within an ongoing NCTN study. METHODS: The ePRO-E intervention, a patient-targeted educational resource (written material and 6-minute animated YouTube video), was designed to address ePRO barriers. ePRO intent and data quality were compared between 2 groups (N = 69): a historical control group and a prospectively recruited intervention group exposed to ePRO-E. Covariates included technology attitudes, age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. RESULTS: Intervention group ePRO intent (78.8%) was statistically significantly higher than historical control group intent (47.1%) (P = .03). Patients choosing ePRO versus paper surveys had more positive and higher technology attitudes scores (P = .03). The odds of choosing ePRO were 4.7 times higher (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.2 to 17.8) (P = .02) among intervention group patients and 5.2 times higher (95% CI = 1.3 to 21.6) (P = .02) among patients with high technology attitudes scores, after controlling for covariates. However, the 80% submission rate (percentage submitting ≥80% of required surveys) in the ePRO group (30.6%) was statistically significantly lower than in the paper group (57.9%) (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: ePRO-E exposure increased ePRO intent. High technology attitudes scores were associated with ePRO selection. Since the ePRO survey submission rate was low, additional strategies are needed to promote high-quality data submission.

Effects of the pandemic on adolescent and caregiver attitudes towards telemedicine use.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared both adolescent/caregiver attitudes towards telemedicine pre- and intra-pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a tertiary care setting with a large remote catchment area, we conducted qualitative analysis of structured interviews with dyads of 11 to 18-year-old patients and their caregivers using NVivo during the pandemic and compared the findings to our previous research [1]. RESULTS: We enrolled 14 dyads (35 ± 27 in-person visits and 4 ± 3 telemedicine visits per participant) and compared these with 11 dyads before the pandemic. Adolescents' mean age was 15.2 ± 2.1 years (range 11.2 - 18.2). The median distance to our medical center was 184.8 km (range 3.9 - 1,214 km, 6 dyads > 100 km). While the preferred ratio of telemedicine to in-person visits was 2 : 1 in caregivers (like pre-pandemic), many emphasized telemedicine as the safer option. Interestingly, adolescents preferred more in-person visits during the pandemic (1 : 1 ratio) compared to pre-pandemic (2 : 1 ratio). Qualitative analysis identified two main themes: consultation-specific factors and contextual factors. Consultation-specific factors were more valued during in-person visits, especially by adolescents. Consultation-specific factors remained the same pre- and post-pandemic, however, adolescents more often emphasized comfort, communication, and personal connection for in-person visits during the pandemic. Contextual factors were valued for telemedicine by adolescents and caregivers, and telemedicine was identified as the norm during the pandemic. Interestingly, the two main contextual themes pre-pandemic: frustration with technological aspects of telemedicine and adolescents not taking telemedicine seriously, disappeared during the pandemic. No disadvantages for telemedicine in the contextual factors were identified during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the user-expressed attitudes (especially among adolescents) on the transfer to telemedicine for chronic care.

Understanding the influencing factors and mechanism of social compensation for Chinese older adults using social media in the context of smart home: a qualitative analysis.

As a new generation of necessary terminals for future homes, smart homes have become one of the essential mediums for smart aging at home. This paper aims to explore how older adults who age at home can overcome the digital divide of the new medium and achieve social participation in the home context to realize active aging. Based on the theory of social compensation, we select the smart-home smart screen, a representative new medium product in China, and carry out open coding, spindle coding, selective coding, and theoretical construction of the original interview data through the grounded theory research method. The results show that the main factors affecting the social compensation of older adults to smart home social media include user interface quality, interaction quality, content quality, and service quality, and these four factors are used as external variables to compensate older adults socially, thereby stimulating the emotional experience and perception changes at the cognitive level of older adults and then affecting the adoption and acceptance of smart home social media by older adults. This study refines the factors influencing the older adults' use of smart home social media from the perspective of social compensation. It explains the mechanism of acceptable behavior of older adults, bridging the gap in previous literature on the influencing factors and behavioral mechanisms of older adults of smart home social media. This paper provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the subsequent academic research and software development practice of social media under new technological devices to further help older adults in China achieve active and healthy aging.

Nursing Students' Computer Anxiety and Attitudes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose of this research was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the level of computer anxiety of nursing students and also their attitude related to computer use. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two periods, one before the COVID-19 pandemic (1st period) and the second during the COVID-19 pandemic (2nd period). The research instrument consisted of three parts, a questionnaire with questions about demographic and educational characteristics such as gender and semester of study, the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS), that used to assess the nursing students' levels of computer anxiety and the Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) that used to measure nursing students' positive and negative attitudes towards computers. Data from 957 undergraduate nursing students were obtained. Specifically, in the 1st period, 370 nursing students participated (38.66%), while in the 2nd period 587 (61.34%) undergraduates participated. The anxiety of participants during COVID-19 pandemic period was reduced compared to that of participants before the COVID-19 period. Respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic have fewer negative feelings towards computers, based on their answers in contrast to the participants in the study before the COVID-19 pandemic. Computer anxiety and attitudes have change among nursing students among COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing students after the implementation of online training are reporting positive feeling towards computer use and are more confident for their ICT skills.

Workers' Acceptance of Digital Procedures: An Application of the Technology Acceptance Model.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSThere are increasing numbers of organizations that are implementing digital procedures (e.g., standard operating procedures). These efforts are often assumed to be a positive development but can be quite costly-both in terms of money and training for a digital rollout. As a result, organizations and practitioners may find themselves at risk for failure when implementing digital procedures. The results of the current study suggest that if workers perceive digital procedures as useful and easy to use, this perception translates into positive attitudes, which subsequently result in fewer deviations. Since acceptance is relatively easy to assess, practitioners can benefit from using these assessments prior to a digital transition/roll-out to both compare competing hardware and software applications, and to initiate and continuously monitor the development of digital procedures. We consider this approach as advantageous to having management develop a system and fully deploying digital procedures without any consideration of worker acceptance.

Background: There is increasing prevalence of digital procedures being introduced in the process safety industries. Presumably, this increase is due to a desire to take advantage of the technology afforded to workers that otherwise is not inherent to traditional paper-based procedures. A critical question that has not been addressed, though, is to what extent do workers accept this new technology in a new digital procedure rollout? Furthermore, does acceptance lead to procedure-related behavior, such as procedure deviations?Purpose: We used the technology acceptance model (TAM), which includes two dimensions of technology acceptance­perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU)­as the focal antecedent constructs. We hypothesized that these constructs would predict more proximal attitudes toward procedures, which in turn predict procedure deviations.Method: We used path analyses to test six study hypotheses developed from the TAM. Data were collected from 16 workers at a large, international chemical corporation that worked in logistics. Specific measures obtained were from multi-item, Likert-scale measures of the TAM-PU and PEU dimensions, utility and compliance attitudes toward procedures, and procedure deviation frequency.Results: Four of the six study hypotheses were supported. TAM-PU and TAM-PEU both significantly predicted (positively) utility attitudes toward procedures (71% variance explained), whereas only TAM-PU significantly predicted (positively) compliance attitudes toward procedures (63% variance explained). In turn, only compliance attitudes significantly predicted (negatively) how frequently workers deviated from procedures (27% variance explained).Conclusions: These results suggest that workers were generally accepting of the digital procedures and that worker perceptions of perceived usefulness perceptions likely have an indirect effect on procedure deviation frequency. We see this study as a novel contribution to the process safety and procedures research domain. Limitations and future research directions will be discussed.

Perceptions of Learning Activities in Electronic Health Record Transition.

Learning activities are at the front-line of first impressions. In this paper, the education and training program for a large electronic health record transition project is presented. Management, and staff were interviewed before, during, and after implementation on their perception, reception, and benefit of various learning activities. Daily clinical work and obligations complicate adherence to learning programs, and the clinical professions differ in their approach to mandatory activities. Local learning activities empower staff, and planners should consider embedding room for adjustment of learning program during implementation.

Going digital in Germany: An exploration of physicians' attitudes towards the introduction of electronic prescriptions - A mixed methods approach.

PURPOSE: Digitalization of medical prescriptions is a core element for the digitalization of healthcare. While some countries have introduced electronic prescriptions over 20 years ago and nearly reached 100 % penetration, physicians in Germany have only been able to use electronic prescriptions since mid-2021 and currently only 0.1 % of prescriptions are transmitted electronically. This study investigates German physicians' viewpoint towards electronic prescriptions as a potential reason for the low penetration and investigates levers to drive adoption. BASIC PROCEDURES: We conducted a two-stage sequential mixed methods study consisting of semi-structured interviews followed by an online survey among 1136 physicians testing the main dimensions of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. MAIN FINDINGS: Our initial interviews suggested that there was a high technology acceptance by physicians, but due to technical barriers, they were not able to use the system, explaining the low penetration. However, with the larger sample size of the survey, we identified, that while physicians see barriers for introducing electronic prescriptions, such as unclear cost reimbursement or lack of time to deal with the implementation, the majority believes these can be overcome within twelve months. Furthermore, we found that only one third of physicians is in favor of replacing paper-based prescriptions with electronic prescriptions and most physicians considers it unlikely that they will issue more than half of their prescriptions electronically within the next twelve month. Additionally, respondents perceived limited usefulness and expect high effort for using electronic prescriptions. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: Low electronic prescription penetration in Germany seems to be driven by low technology acceptance, not technical barriers. This can be linked to low perceived usefulness, high effort expectancy and low perceived patient demand. Improving technical stability, system functionality and increasing physicians' level of information were seen as main levers to drive electronic prescription adoption.

What drives patients' acceptance of Digital Therapeutics? Establishing a new framework to measure the interplay between rational and institutional factors.

BACKGROUND: The rising incidence of chronic diseases among the population, further exacerbated by the phenomenon of aging, is a primary concern and a serious challenge for the healthcare systems worldwide. Among the wide realm of health digital technologies, the rise of Digital Therapeutics (DTx), which are medical devices able to deliver evidence-based treatments to manage and treat diseases, opens new opportunities. However, their diffusion and usage are still fragmented among countries. As the diffusion results from the adoption of technology from a social system and individual acceptance, this study aims to design and test a theoretical model that investigates the intention to use DTx, with a particular focus on the treatment of obesity, as a widespread and burdensome chronic condition. METHODS: This research is built on 336 answers coming from a survey to test the proposed model, which consists of a combination of organizational mechanisms, derived from Institutional Theory, and rational factors, derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey has been delivered to patients and former patients of Istituto Auxologico Italiano, a hospital with several locations in northern Italy, recognized as a center of excellence for the treatment of obesity. RESULTS: The analyses of the answers, performed through the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique, confirmed the influence of the Perceived Usefulness on Intention To Use, and of the Perceived Ease Of Use on the Perceived Usefulness, confirming the validity of the assumptions derived from the TAM. On the other hand, institutional factors were introduced as antecedents of the Perceived Usefulness, and the Perceived Ease Of Use. Results show that the Regulative Pillar influences both the TAM constructs, the Normative Pillar (peer influence) has a positive effect only on the Perceived Usefulness, and finally, the Cultural Pillar impacts the Perceived Ease Of Use. CONCLUSION: This study allows filling the knowledge gap regarding the usage of the Institutional as a means to predict individuals' intentions. Moreover, managerial contributions are available as the results have been operationalized into practical advice to managers and healthcare professionals to foster the adoption, and thus the diffusion, of Digital Therapeutics.

A invenção de um setting on-line para atendimento psicológico remoto / The invention of an online environment for remote psychological care / La invención de un entorno en línea para la atención psicológica remota

Com o advento da covid-19, foi declarado estado de emergência de saúde pública e decretadas medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social para conter a propagação da doença. O Conselho Federal de Psicologia, considerando a importância do acolhimento seguro durante a pandemia, publicou a Resolução CFP nº 4/2020, permitindo que serviços psicológicos aconteçam de maneira remota. O presente estudo visa, através do Método da Cartografia, apresentar a construção de um setting on-line para intervenções grupais e os desafios na oferta de acolhimento e atendimento remoto. Foram ofertados grupos terapêuticos, por meio da plataforma Google Meet, para estudantes da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Um diário de bordo foi produzido para acompanhar as forças que atravessavam e constituíam o território e a experiência grupal remota. Compreendemos que o território-espaço-grupal-on-line era composto pelo espaço virtual em que nos reuníamos, pelos espaços individuais de cada integrante e pelas forças que os atravessavam. Observamos que nem sempre os participantes dispunham de um lugar privado, mas estiveram presentes no encontro com câmeras e áudios abertos e/ou fechados e/ou através do chat da videochamada. A participação no grupo funcionou como alternativa no momento de distanciamento social, sendo uma possibilidade para o atendimento psicológico em situações de dificuldade de encontros presenciais; entretanto, se mostrou dificultada em diversos momentos, pela falta de equipamentos adequados e instabilidade na internet, fatores que interferiram nas reuniões e impactaram na possibilidade de falar e escutar o que era desejado.(AU)

With the advent of COVID-19, a state of public health was declared, and measures of isolation and social distance to contain the spread of the disease was decreed. The Federal Council of Psychology, considering the importance of safe reception during the pandemic, published CFP Resolution No. 4/2020, allowing psychological services to happen remotely. This study narrates, via the Cartography Method, the experience of inventing an Online Setting for group reception. Therapeutic groups were offered, via Google Meet Platform, to students at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A logbook was produced to accompany the forces that crossed and constituted the territory and the remote group experience. We understand that the territoryspace-group-online was composed by the virtual-space that we gathered, by the individualspaces of each member and by the forces that crossed them. We observed that the participants did not always have a private place, but they were present at the meeting with open and/or closed cameras and audio and/or through the video call chat. Participation in the group worked as an alternative at the time of social distancing, being a possibility for psychological care in situations of difficulty in face-to-face meetings, however, it proved to be difficult at various times, due to the lack of adequate equipment and instability on the internet, factors that interfered in meetings and impacted the possibility of speaking and listening to what was desired.(AU)

La llegada de la COVID-19 produjo un estado de emergencia de salud pública, en el que se decretaron medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento físico para contener la propagación de la enfermedad. El Consejo Federal de Psicología, considerando la importancia de la acogida segura durante la pandemia, publicó la Resolución CFP nº 4/2020, por la que se permite la atención psicológica remota. Este estudio tiene por objetivo presentar, mediante el método de la Cartografía, la elaboración de un escenario en línea para la intervención grupal y los desafíos en la oferta de acogida y atención remota. Grupos terapéuticos se ofrecieron, en la plataforma Google Meet, a estudiantes de la Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro. Se elaboró un diario para acompañar a las fuerzas que atravesaron y constituyeron el territorio y la experiencia remota del grupo. Entendemos que el territorio-espacio-grupo-en línea estaba compuesto por el espacio-virtual que reunimos, por los espacios individuales de cada integrante y por las fuerzas que los atravesaban. Observamos que los participantes no siempre tenían un lugar privado y que estaban presentes en la reunión con cámaras y audio abiertos y/o cerrados y/o por el chat de la videollamada. La participación en el grupo funcionó como una alternativa en el momento del distanciamiento físico y revela ser una posibilidad de atención psicológica en situaciones de dificultad en los encuentros presenciales, sin embargo, se mostró difícil en varios momentos, ya sea por la falta de medios adecuados o por inestabilidad en Internet, factores que interferían en las reuniones e impactaban en la posibilidad de hablar y escuchar lo que se deseaba.(AU)

[THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES AND THE ATTITUDE OF SENIOR CITIZENS TO THEIR USE].

The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to consider the attitude of senior citizens (aged 65 years and older) to telemedicine technologies and their readiness to use them.Telemedicine has become widespread in recent years, and its use will expand in the near future. Telemedicine technologies have proved to be an effective tool for solving a number of problems: providing access to medical consultations, prompt response of medical workers to patient requests, monitoring of health indicators, etc. However, the prevalence of the use of these technologies is differentiated in different age groups. Due to the fact that elderly citizens are not active users of digital gadgets, the introduction of telemedicine technologies into their daily practice of taking care of their own health is in many ways difficult.

Satisfied or not satisfied? Electronic health records system implementation in Ghana: Health leaders' perspective.

BACKGROUND: Electronic Health Records (EHR) has been espoused to be an innovation from the paper-based system, with benefits such as fast access to patient information thereby facilitating healthcare provider communication, healthcare continuity and improved quality of care. However, it is the extent of the quality of the electronic health records that determines the access to these stated benefits. The quality of health care records indirectly contributes to patient safety because inaccurate patient data can lead to improper diagnosis and consequently wrong treatment of patients. Most hospitals in Ghana, have recently transitioned into the EHR system, hence, there is a need to assess its accuracy, impact on workflow, staff training on usage, support from the EHR team, and the overall satisfaction of the EHR system. As health leaders are at the frontline of its implementation, their views on the challenges and successes of the EHR system are imperative. METHOD: This qualitative study sought to explore the views of the health leaders on the implemented electronic health records system in nine (9) hospitals within three (3) regions in Ghana. Following ethical approval, GHS-ERC:007/04/21, focus group discussions were conducted with a minimum of 10 hospital leaders in each facility. These included quasi, government and private hospitals. Data was collected between September and November 2021. RESULTS: The study found poor quality of records, lack of involvement of frontline clinicians in the development of the EHR system, inadequate training of staff and limited workstations as some of the challenges associated with the use of EHR in hospitals. Health leaders were generally not satisfied with the EHR system. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that addressing inputs from end-users as well as circulating more computers will motivate EHR usage and acceptance. Provision of additional workstations for the various units and involvement of staff in the system development would be most prudent to enable health workers to accept the EHR system in improving the quality of care.

Análisis del temperamento infantil relacionado con el uso de pantallas / Analysis of infant temperament related to screen use

Introducción: el objetivo del estudio fue describir el tiempo de uso de pantallas y relacionarlo con los rasgos temperamentales y del comportamiento del niño. Material y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo mediante cuestionario estructurado entregado a los progenitores para saber el tiempo de exposición de su hijo/a a las pantallas y valoración del temperamento infantil con el cuestionario Emotionality Sociability and Activity Temperament (EAS) de niños con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 10 años del centro de salud Revolería y Torrero-La Paz de Zaragoza (España) durante los meses de junio de 2019 hasta febrero de 2020. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón (PI 19/00260). Resultados: participación de 212 niños. El 54,1% fueron niñas. Edad media: 5,3±2,7 años; peso medio: 21,2±9,6 kg; talla media: 1,11±0,20 m; el 62,9% se clasificó en peso normal. Un 76,1% realiza ejercicio físico. Edad de inicio a la exposición a las pantallas: el 39,0% fue con una edad superior a 24 meses; el 42,4% se expone un tiempo medio de 60-120 minutos al uso de pantallas. Evaluación del temperamento infantil con la escala EAS (sociabilidad: 18,1±3,1; actividad 19,0±4,2; emocionalidad 13,9±4,0 y timidez: 12,3±4,1). Conclusiones: en la muestra estudiada, los niños con edades superiores presentaron un tiempo mayor de uso a la exposición y uso de pantallas. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre el tiempo de uso de las pantallas y los cambios del temperamento infantil (AU)

Introduction: the aim of this study was to describe the screen time in children and analyse its association with personality traits and behaviour.Methods: observational and descriptive study through a structured, self-administered questionnaire completed by parents to assess screen time in their children and the Emotionality, Activity and Sociability (EAS) questionnaire to assess traits and behaviours in children aged 0 to 10 years in the caseloads of the Revolería and Torrero-La Paz primary care centres in Zaragoza (Spain) between June 2019 and February 2020. Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous Community of Aragón (PI 19/00260).Results: the sample included 212 children, 54.1% female. The mean age was 5.3 ± 2.7 years; the mean weight 21.2 ± 9.6 kg, the mean height 1.1 ± 0.2 m, and 62.9% had a normal weight. Of the total, 76.1% reported physical activity. The age at which exposure to screens started was greater than 24 months in 39%; and 42.4% used screens between 60 and 120 minutes on average. The assessment of traits with the EAS survey yielded the following mean scores: sociability, 18.1 ± 3.1; activity, 19.0 ± 4.2; emotionality, 13.9 ± 4.04; shyness, 12.3 ± 4.1.Conclusion: in the sample under study, screen time and use were greater in older children. There were no statistically significant differences in screen time associated with differences in temperament. (AU)

Implementation of an integrated home internet of things system for vulnerable older adults using a frailty-centered approach.

Although integrated home internet of things (IoT) services can be beneficial, especially for vulnerable older adults, the hurdle of usability hinders implementation of the technology. This study aimed to evaluate the practical usability of home IoT services in older adults, by frailty status, and to determine the potential obstacles. From August 2019 to July 2020, we randomly selected 20 vulnerable older adults (prefrailty group [n = 11], and frailty group [n = 9]) who had already been identified as needing home IoT services in a community-based prospective cohort study, the Aging Study of the Pyeongchang Rural Area. Integrated home IoT services were provided for 1 year, and a face-to-face survey evaluating usability and satisfaction of each service was conducted. The usability of the integrated home IoT services declined gradually throughout the study. However, prefrail participants showed higher usability than frail older adults (difference-in-difference = - 19.431, p = 0.012). According to the frailty status, the change in usability for each service type also showed a different pattern. During the 12-month study period, the service with the highest satisfaction converged from various service needs to light control by remote control (77.8%) in the prefrailty group and automatic gas circuit breaker (72.7%) in the frailty group. For wider implementation of home IoT services, organizing services expected to have high usability and satisfaction based on user's frailty status is crucial. Also, providing education before service implementation might help older adults coping with digital literacy.

Early childhood screen time and psychopathology in a Portuguese Sample / Tempo de tela na Primeira Infância e psicopatologia numa amostra portuguesa / Tiempo de pantalla en la primera infancia y psicopatologia en una muestra portuguesa

Objective: To characterize the habits of screen exposure time in a sample of infants and preschoolers and to assess if there is a relationship between the proportion of early childhood excessive screen exposure time and the presence of psychopathology and parental concerns. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted with 38 infants and preschoolers in a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric outpatient unit and children followed exclusively in Primary Health Care in the same geographic area (Vila Nova de Gaia/ Espinho Hospital Center). Information was collected from a self-report questionnaire filled by the caregiver between October 1st, 2018, and June 30th, 2019. Results: Screen time was analyzed and organized in two groups: the H group (screen time higher than recommended) and R group (within the recommended), according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. The need for referral to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry appointment and the presence of parental behavior concerns related to behavior changes during early childhood are significantly associated with screen time, with a greater proportion within the H group (71.8% (n=15) vs. 31.3% (n=6), p=0.006 for the appointment and 61.1% (n=13) vs. 25% (n=4), p=0.032 for behavior concerns). There is also a tendency towards a higher percentage of overweight/obesity, sleep and food-related concerns in the H group. Only 45% of the total sample fulfilled the recommendations regarding screen exposure (p value ≤0.05). Conclusion: The study found an association between screen exposure time above the recommended and presence of psychopathology and parental concern for behavioral changes. These findings were statistically significant

Objetivo: Pretende-se caracterizar os hábitos de exposição e tempo de tela numa amostra de crianças da primeira infância para avaliar a relação entre a exposição excessiva e a presença de psicopatologia e preocupações parentais. Métodos: Tratase de um estudo de coorte transversal realizado com 38 crianças da primeira infância da Consulta Externa de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência e crianças acompanhadas exclusivamente em consulta de Cuidados de Saúde Primários da área de referência do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal. Recolheu-se a informação através do preenchimento de um questionário pelo cuidador, entre 1 de Outubro de 2018 e 30 de Junho de 2019. Resultados: Analisou-se o tempo de tela, definindo-se dois grupos: H ­ tempo de tela superior ao recomendado; R ­ tempo de tela dentro do recomendado pela Academia Americana de Pediatria. A necessidade de acompanhamento em consulta de Pedopsiquiatria e as preocupações parentais relativas a alterações de comportamento estão significativamente associadas com o tempo de tela, com maior proporção no grupo H (71,8%(n=15) vs. 31.3%(n=6), p=0.006 para a consulta de Pedopsiquiatria e 61.1%(n=13) vs. 25%(n=4), p=0.032 para preocupações parentais). Existe ainda uma tendência a uma percentagem mais significativa de excesso de peso/obesidade, problemas de sono e alimentares no grupo H. Apenas 45% do total cumpriu as recomendações relativas ao tempo de tela (valor de p≤0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou associação entre o tempo de tela superior ao recomendado e presença de psicopatologia, assim como preocupações parentais com alterações de comportamento. Estes resultados apresentam significância estatística.

Objetivo: Se pretende caracterizar los hábitos de exposición y tiempo de pantalla en una muestra de niños en la primera infancia para evaluar la relación entre la exposición excesiva y la presencia de psicopatología y preocupaciones parentales. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de coorte transversal realizado con 38 niños en la primera infancia de la Consulta Externa de Psiquiatría de la Niñez y Adolescencia y niños acompañados exclusivamente en consulta de Cuidados de Salud Primarios del área de referencia del Centro Hospitalario de Vila Nova de Gaia/ Espinho, Portugal. Las informaciones fueron recogidas por medio de cuestionario, rellenado por el cuidador, entre 1 de Octubre de 2018 y 30 de Junio de 2019. Resultados: El tiempo de pantalla fue analizado definiéndose dos grupos: H ­ tiempo de pantalla superior al recomendado; R ­ tiempo de pantalla dentro del recomendado por la Academia Americana de Pediatría. La necesidad de acompañamiento en consulta de psiquiatría infantil y las preocupaciones parentales relativas a alteraciones de comportamiento están significativamente asociadas con tiempo de pantalla, con mayor proporción en el grupo H (71,8%(n=15) vs. 31.3%(n=6), p=0.006 para la consulta de psiquiatría infantil y 61.1%(n=13) vs. 25%(n=4), p=0.032 para preocupaciones parentales). Existe aún una tendencia a un porcentaje más significativo de exceso de peso/obesidad, problemas de sueño y alimentarios en el grupo H. Solo 45% del total cumplió las recomendaciones relativas al tiempo de pantalla (valor de p≤0.05). Conclusión: Este trabajo demostró asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla superior al recomendado y presencia de psicopatología, como también preocupaciones parentales con alteraciones de comportamiento. Estos resultados presentan significancia estadística.

Conservatism predicts aversion to consequential Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize society by automating tasks as diverse as driving cars, diagnosing diseases, and providing legal advice. The degree to which AI can improve outcomes in these and other domains depends on how comfortable people are trusting AI for these tasks, which in turn depends on lay perceptions of AI. The present research examines how these critical lay perceptions may vary as a function of conservatism. Using five survey experiments, we find that political conservatism is associated with low comfort with and trust in AI-i.e., with AI aversion. This relationship between conservatism and AI aversion is explained by the link between conservatism and risk perception; more conservative individuals perceive AI as being riskier and are therefore more averse to its adoption. Finally, we test whether a moral reframing intervention can reduce AI aversion among conservatives.

Society for Vascular Surgery best practice recommendations for use of social media.

The use of social media (SoMe) in medicine has demonstrated the ability to advance networking among clinicians and other healthcare staff, disseminate research, increase access to up-to-date information, and inform and engage medical trainees and the public at-large. With increasing SoMe use by vascular surgeons and other vascular specialists, it is important to uphold core tenets of our commitment to our patients by protecting their privacy, encouraging appropriate consent and use of any patient-related imagery, and disclosing relevant conflicts of interest. Additionally, we recognize the potential for negative interactions online regarding differing opinions on optimal treatment options for patients. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) is committed to supporting appropriate and effective use of SoMe content that is honest, well-informed, and accurate. The Young Surgeons Committee of the SVS convened a diverse writing group of SVS members to help guide novice as well as veteran SoMe users on best practices for advancing medical knowledge-sharing in an online environment. These recommendations are presented here with the goal of elevating patient privacy and physician transparency, while also offering support and resources for infrequent SoMe users to increase their engagement with each other in new, virtual formats.

Patient and general public attitudes towards clinical artificial intelligence: a mixed methods systematic review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to change health care, with some studies showing proof of concept of a provider-level performance in various medical specialties. However, there are many barriers to implementing AI, including patient acceptance and understanding of AI. Patients' attitudes toward AI are not well understood. We systematically reviewed the literature on patient and general public attitudes toward clinical AI (either hypothetical or realised), including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods original research articles. We searched biomedical and computational databases from Jan 1, 2000, to Sept 28, 2020, and screened 2590 articles, 23 of which met our inclusion criteria. Studies were heterogeneous regarding the study population, study design, and the field and type of AI under study. Six (26%) studies assessed currently available or soon-to-be available AI tools, whereas 17 (74%) assessed hypothetical or broadly defined AI. The quality of the methods of these studies was mixed, with a frequent issue of selection bias. Overall, patients and the general public conveyed positive attitudes toward AI but had many reservations and preferred human supervision. We summarise our findings in six themes: AI concept, AI acceptability, AI relationship with humans, AI development and implementation, AI strengths and benefits, and AI weaknesses and risks. We suggest guidance for future studies, with the goal of supporting the safe, equitable, and patient-centred implementation of clinical AI.

Barriers to learning a new technology to go online among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of using information and communication technology (ICT) to address daily and healthcare needs. The barriers for older adults in the United States to learn a new technology to go online during the pandemic remain to be studied. METHODS: Using data from the 2019-2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of older Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the United States, we used multivariable logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with learning a new technology to go online during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Our sample represented 23,547,688 older adults nationally, of which the majority (60.2%) increased ICT use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most older adults (71.8%) did not report learning a new technology to go online. Those who did not learn a new technology to go online had less of an increase in ICT use than those who learned either with help or by themselves (50.7% vs. 78.4% or 89.2% respectively, p < 0.01). The odds of learning a new technology decreased with increasing age (aOR [95%CI] = 0.96 [0.94-0.98]), being male (aOR [95%CI] = 0.56 [0.45-0.72]), having lower than high school educational attainment (aOR [95%CI] = 0.38 [0.29-0.50]), decreasing income levels (aORs ranged from 0.28 to 0.54), and self-reported fair or poor general health (aOR [95%CI] = 0.65 [0.47-0.90]). CONCLUSION: The identified sociodemographic and clinical factors could inform targeted intervention strategies to improve ICT use among older adults during the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.